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Monday, 21 November 2011

[OOC] The Kasora Region

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dudedude889: Member for 0 years

Looks sharp! I plan to submit a member of Catacalysm. If I do so, should I be holding a relic? Probably not, but what are the goals of the team? You can be suitably vague or pm me or whatever. I won't tell anyone, scout's honor!

Protect and Serve

SylentStand: Member for 0 years

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Sunday, 20 November 2011

Chicago mayor rallies Obama support in Iowa

Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel delivers the keynote speech in support of President Obama, at the Iowa Democratic Party's annual Jefferson Jackson Dinner, in Des Moines, Iowa, Saturday, Nov. 19, 2011. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) ? Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel launched an ardent defense of President Barack Obama in Iowa on Saturday, telling local Democrats that in order to create security for the middle class, "we just can't cut our way to prosperity."

Obama's former chief of staff rallied about 1,300 people during the Iowa Democratic Party's largest annual fundraiser in Des Moines. Emanuel told the crowd that Republicans want to solve the nation's debt problem only through spending cuts, while Obama favors a balanced approach of cuts and tax increases.

"To create true middle-class security, we can't just cut our way to prosperity," Emanuel said. "We must out-innovate, out-educate and out-build the world."

Emanuel said Obama has made crucial, tough decisions based on his principles to help the country ? and not in an attempt to lay the groundwork for a second term in the White House. And he asked the crowd whose judgment they wanted leading the country during such a critical economic time.

"In the next four years, there will be more challenges and more crises that will determine the economic vitality of the middle class and the economic future of this country," Emanuel said. "Whose character, whose judgment do you want in that office?"

Obama has a solid history in Iowa. His surprising win in the state's precinct caucuses four years ago launched him on the road to the White House, and he easily carried the state in the 2008 general election.

Emanuel's appearance in the key early-caucus state was a chance for Democrats to grab attention from several Republican presidential candidates making their case to social conservatives across town. Emanuel used the opportunity to criticize GOP candidate Mitt Romney, even though Romney wasn't in Iowa.

The mayor cited the sharply different views that Obama and Romney had on rescuing the auto industry and propping up the nation's financial system. He argued that Obama's views have been proven right, while Romney's stance to not offer federal financial assistance would have destroyed the two key industries.

Emanuel also said Romney has flip-flopped in his political views, such as taking a more conservative stance on abortion and gun control.

"Mitt Romney says he's a man of steadiness and consistency. If that's true, then I'm a linebacker for the Chicago Bears," said the slim, 5-foot-8 ? mayor.

In an interview before the event, Emanuel said he was looking forward to the prospect of a lengthy, heated Republican primary race ? and the exposure it gives to the GOP candidates.

"I think a lot of people want to see it over quickly, and I don't think they're going to get that," he said.

Sounding the populist theme that Obama has been offering in recent weeks, Emanuel also said the president is focused less on the difficulty of his tasks as president and more on the struggles of the American middle class.

"He continues to help them try to get their feet back on the ground. That's the struggle he's worried about, not his struggle," Emanuel said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-11-20-Iowa%20Democrats-Emanuel/id-fdc7eb149222458ebed62d87e808e261

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Hybrids safer for drivers, less so for pedestrians, study finds‎

Hybrid cars are safer ? or more dangerous ? depending on whether you are behind the wheel or walking across a street, according to a study released Thursday.

Occupants in hybrid vehicles suffer fewer injuries in crashes than those who are involved in accidents in conventional cars, said the Highway Loss Data Institute, an affiliate of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

But the same study also found that hybrids, which tend to be quieter ? cause more pedestrian accidents than their nonhybrid counterparts.

The findings were unveiled as automakers rolled out dozens of new hybrids at the Los Angeles Auto Show.

BMW showcased its i8 plug-in hybrid and i3 all-electric concept cars designed to combine the efficiency of a commuter with the exhilaration of a sports car. The i3 will have the distinction of being the first premium electric vehicle to come to market in 2013.

The i8 plug-in hybrid, scheduled to follow one year later, can travel about 20 miles on electric power alone. Together, the engine and motor can reach a top speed of 155 miles per hour and make 390 horsepower. BMW anticipates the car will get 78 miles per gallon.

The i3, also wrapped in lightweight carbon fiber, will be able to travel up to 100 miles on a charge and reach top speeds of 93 miles per hour.

Volvo also said it plans to add a diesel-electric hybrid to its lineup. Further details on its four-cylinder and diesel-electric plans will be announced at the Detroit Auto Show in January.

The study by the highway safety research group suggests that the weight of hybrids contributed to the 27% decrease in bodily injuries for those riding in the vehicles.

Batteries and other components add to the curb weight of hybrid cars, making them heavier than the gas-only version of the same car. A hybrid Honda Accord sedan can weigh 480 pounds more than a conventional Accord.

Larger vehicles absorb impacts better than smaller ones, the study said.

At the L.A. Auto Show, automakers said that driver behavior might play a bigger role in crashes and injuries.

"The [hybrid] driver is typically not as aggressive," said David Lee, a Toyota representative who specializes in knowledge of the Prius models.

"Because they are more concerned about maximizing fuel economy and making sure that they are getting every mile out of the gallon," said Joseph Telmo, a Toyota representative who works directly with the Camry brand.

For pedestrians, the risk of injury from hybrid cars is 20% greater than from conventional gas models. The quiet electric motors, once touted as one of the benefits of the hybrid vehicles, have become a safety hazard for walkers.

"When hybrids operate in electric-only mode, pedestrians can't hear them approaching," said Matt Moore, vice president of the Highway Loss Data Institute and an author of the report. "So they might step out into the roadway without checking first to see what's coming."

This year Congress gave the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety three years to come up with a requirement for equipping hybrids and electric models with sounds to alert unsuspecting pedestrians.

Toyota has already found a solution. The 2012 Toyota Camry hybrid and Prius emit a noise that is similar to the sound of an electric engine that increases in pitch as the car comes closer to an object.

Ford is hard at work trying to find the perfect artificial sound that will alert but not annoy pedestrians when a hybrid is approaching, said Chad D'Arcy, a Focus electrical marketing manager. This summer, the company asked fans on Facebook to pick their favorite sounds out of four options.

Honda hybrids are not as quiet as their competitors' versions, a representative said. Engine noise is mostly present because the 2012 Honda CR-V hybrid and other hybrid models primarily run on the gasoline motor. The battery is there only to assist.

The Toyota Prius and Honda Insight were excluded from the study because the vehicles are sold only as hybrids.

angel.jennings@latimes.com

Times staff writer Susan Carpenter contributed to this report.

Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/news/science/~3/ota3W0BbakU/la-fi-auto-show-20111118,0,1094504.story

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Saturday, 19 November 2011

NASA's Chandra helps describe the birth of a black hole

Friday, November 18, 2011

New details about the birth of a famous black hole that took place millions of years ago have been uncovered, thanks to a team of scientists who used data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory as well as from radio, optical and other X-ray telescopes.

Over three decades ago, Stephen Hawking placed -- and eventually lost ? a bet against the existence of a black hole in Cygnus X-1. Today, astronomers are confident the Cygnus X-1 system contains a black hole, and with these latest studies they have remarkably precise values of its mass, spin, and distance from Earth. With these key pieces of information, the history of the black hole has been reconstructed.

"This new information gives us strong clues about how the black hole was born, what it weighed and how fast it was spinning," said author Mark Reid of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Mass. "This is exciting because not much is known about the birth of black holes."

Reid led one of three papers -- all appearing in the November 10th issue of The Astrophysical Journal -- describing these new results on Cygnus X-1. The other papers were led by Jerome Orosz from San Diego State University and Lijun Gou, also from CfA.

Cygnus X-1 is a so-called stellar-mass black hole, a class of black holes that comes from the collapse of a massive star. The black hole is in close orbit with a massive, blue companion star.

Using X-ray data from Chandra, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, and the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics, a team of scientists was able to determine the spin of Cygnus X-1 with unprecedented accuracy, showing that the black hole is spinning at very close to its maximum rate. Its event horizon -- the point of no return for material falling towards a black hole -- is spinning around more than 800 times a second.

An independent study that compared the evolutionary history of the companion star with theoretical models indicates that the black hole was born some 6 million years ago. In this relatively short time (in astronomical terms), the black hole could not have pulled in enough gas to ramp up its spin very much. The implication is that Cygnus X-1 was likely born spinning very quickly.

Using optical observations of the companion star and its motion around its unseen companion, the team made the most precise determination ever for the mass of Cygnus X-1, of 14.8 times the mass of the Sun. It was likely to have been almost this massive at birth, because of lack of time for it to grow appreciably.

"We now know that Cygnus X-1 is one of the most massive stellar black holes in the Galaxy," said Orosz. "And, it's spinning as fast as any black hole we've ever seen."

Knowledge of the mass, spin and charge gives a complete description of a black hole, according to the so-called "No Hair" theorem. This theory postulates that all other information aside from these parameters is lost for eternity behind the event horizon. The charge for an astronomical black hole is expected to be almost zero, so only the mass and spin are needed.

"It is amazing to me that we have a complete description of this asteroid-sized object that is thousands of light years away," said Gou. "This means astronomers have a more complete understanding of this black hole than any other in our Galaxy."

The team also announced that they have made the most accurate distance estimate yet of Cygnus X-1 using the National Radio Observatory's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). The new distance is about 6,070 light years from Earth. This accurate distance was a crucial ingredient for making the precise mass and spin determinations.

The radio observations also measured the motion of Cygnus X-1 through space, and this was combined with its measured velocity to give the three-dimensional velocity and position of the black hole.

This work showed that Cygnus X-1 is moving very slowly with respect to the Milky Way, implying it did not receive a large "kick" at birth. This supports an earlier conjecture that Cygnus X-1 was not born in a supernova, but instead may have resulted from the dark collapse of a progenitor star without an explosion. The progenitor of Cygnus X-1 was likely an extremely massive star, which initially had a mass greater than about 100 times the sun before losing it in a vigorous stellar wind.

In 1974, soon after Cygnus X-1 became a good candidate for a black hole, Stephen Hawking placed a bet with fellow astrophysicist Kip Thorne, a professor of theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology, that Cygnus X-1 did not contain a black hole. This was treated as an insurance policy by Hawking, who had done a lot of work on black holes and general relativity.

By 1990, however, much more work on Cygnus X-1 had strengthened the evidence for it being a black hole. With the help of family, nurses, and friends, Hawking broke into Thorne's office, found the framed bet, and conceded.

"For forty years, Cygnus X-1 has been the iconic example of a black hole. However, despite Hawking's concession, I have never been completely convinced that it really does contain a black hole -- until now," said Thorne. "The data and modeling described in these three papers at last provide a completely definitive description of this binary system."

###

Chandra X-ray Center: http://chandra.harvard.edu

Thanks to Chandra X-ray Center for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/115333/NASA_s_Chandra_helps_describe_the_birth_of_a_black_hole

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Friday, 18 November 2011

CRTC rules against traffic-based internet billing, small ISPs celebrate

Chalk one up for the little guy, because Canada's telecom regulator has finally come down in favor of independent ISPs. Earlier this week, the CRTC ruled that major providers will not be able to bill smaller oeprators based on bandwidth usage, effectively reversing a controversial policy it implemented (and eventually rescinded) back in February. Under the ruling, heavyweights like BCE and Rogers will be able to sell their bandwidth to smaller ISPs on a monthly basis, with rates pre-determined according to the network capacity each independent operator requires. Large companies can continue to charge flat monthly fees, as well, but they won't be allowed to impose the same traffic-based billing that many apply to individual consumers. The regulator explained the decision thusly: "This wholesale billing model, which is based on capacity, will give independent ISPs added flexibility in offering competitive and innovative services to Canadians." For more details, surf past the break for a dose of PR.

[Image courtesy of Jeff Myers/Flickr]

Continue reading CRTC rules against traffic-based internet billing, small ISPs celebrate

CRTC rules against traffic-based internet billing, small ISPs celebrate originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 16 Nov 2011 09:44:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/16/crtc-rules-against-traffic-based-internet-billing-small-isps-ce/

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Side Effects May Spur Men to Drop Tamoxifen for Breast Cancer (HealthDay)

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 16 (HealthDay News) -- One in five male breast cancer patients stops taking the drug tamoxifen early due to side effects caused by the medicine and may be at increased risk for cancer recurrence, new research suggests.

Tamoxifen is the standard of care for the hormone treatment of male breast cancer patients, according to the authors of a new report published in the Nov. 16 issue of the Annals of Oncology.

In the study, researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston examined the records of 64 male breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen for an average of four years and found that 34 of them (53 percent) experienced one or more tamoxifen-related side effects, such as weight gain and loss of sex drive.

Thirteen (20.3 percent) of the patients stopped taking tamoxifen due to the side effects. Nine of the patients died after they discontinued tamoxifen early, the study authors noted in a journal news release.

"This is the largest study to specifically assess tamoxifen-related side effects in men because in our institution we treated a relatively large number of male breast cancer patients," study author Dr. Naveen Pemmaraju said in the news release.

"We found that, after adjusting for patient age and stage of the disease, the prognosis for men with breast cancer is similar to that of women. Tamoxifen has been shown to improve survival rates for breast cancer patients, so early discontinuations may have the potential to increase the risk of the cancer recurring in this group of male breast cancer patients," he added.

"Male breast cancer is a very rare and unique cancer affecting approximately 2,000 men in the U.S.A. per year. As there are so few male breast cancer cases, clinical practice and optimal treatment strategies have been extrapolated from female breast cancer patients with very little published evidence to guide clinical decisions. In our institution, we noted that several of our male patients were having difficulty with taking tamoxifen therapy, and these side effects appeared to be a little bit different to those reported with women receiving the same drug," Pemmaraju continued.

"The results of this study should not change the recommendation for prescribing tamoxifen for male breast cancer patients. However, clinicians need to be aware of the possible side effects that men may experience when receiving tamoxifen so that the patients can be counseled appropriately," he added.

In the United States, about 2,140 new cases of invasive breast cancer in men will be diagnosed this year and about 450 men will die of the disease.

More information

The U.S. National Cancer Institute has more about male breast cancer.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/health/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20111117/hl_hsn/sideeffectsmayspurmentodroptamoxifenforbreastcancer

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Thursday, 17 November 2011

Stock indexes fall 1 percent (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Stock indexes briefly fell around 1 percent on Wednesday as policymakers warned Europe's debt crisis posed dangers to the global economy and on growing signs the contagion was starting to spread to larger European nations.

The Dow Jones industrial average dropped 115.45 points, or 0.95 percent, to 11,980.71. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index dropped 11.06 points, or 0.88 percent, to 1,246.75. The Nasdaq Composite Index dropped 19.73 points, or 0.73 percent, to 2,666.47.

(Editing by Padraic Cassidy)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/business/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111116/bs_nm/us_markets_stocks

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