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Submission wrestling is really a general term used to spell it out an aspect of fight sport and fighting techinques that is targeted on ground fighting and clinch by having an purpose of making the opponent passout or submit. Submission wrestling is also known as submission grappling, submission fighting, sport grappling or combat wrestling in Japan.
Submission wrestling as a sport incorporates various styles and techniques from traditional wrestling styles for example Judo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Sambo, Luta Livre Esportiva and Freestyle Wrestling.
Reputation Submission Wrestling
Submission wrestling includes a long and rich history. Ale submission wrestling dates back to over 4000 years! Such a wrestling was common in ancient China, Greece, Rome and India. Paintings and sculptures that go back to more than 2000 to 1085 BC portray wrestlers and combaters using this kind of wrestling in ancient Egypt.
It is no surprise that grappling goes so long. Forever of your time, man has been conflict with one another due to the limited resources available. As fighting increased around the world, individuals and societies started forming fighting and combat methods for attack and martial arts.
As time progressed, wrestling became accepted like a sport improving the popularity of effective grappling techniques. Throughout the late eighteenth century, the Greeks used rules of submission in combat sports that have been just like those used in the Lancashire type of wrestling that has been common in the late eighteenth century.
Ground Positions in Grappling
Ground positions are very important since they squeeze opponent ready that will make it easier for a grappler to use the submission maneuver.
You?ll find the various ground positions offered to a grappler who seeks to control a competitor. These positions include:
Side control: The opponent is pinned to the ground in the side with the body. The grappler then applies his or her weight around the opponent?s chest, shoulders and hips.
Full mount: This location is mainly accustomed to apply a choke hold or to attack an opponent?s arms. The grappler sits on sides of an opponent?s chest using their bodyweight to manage the opponent?s chest.
Back mount: The grappler uses his or her legs to hook the opponent?s thighs from their backs. The grappler also wraps their arms round the chest or neck of the opponent to manipulate their torso.
Types of Submissions
Submission holds are sorted into two broad categories: chokes and joint locks.
Chokes
These types of submission seek to restrict the opponent?s windpipe or their carotid artery causing them to distribute. Chokes that entail restriction in the wind pipe are extremely dangerous and many banned in fight sport.
Blood chokes however are quite typical. These chokes cut the circulation of blood towards the brain causing the opponent to feed out right away. This type of submission is quite dangerous however and really should just be done under supervision from the trained specialist to prevent damage that may be due to long periods of unconsciousness.
Joint Locks
These submission holds involve isolating an opponent?s limb and forcing it to maneuver past its normal flexibility. Most of these submission techniques usually seek to induce extreme pain towards the opponent making him or her to tap out.
Joint locks can be be extremely dangerous when used on the ankles, knees or the spine. Some types of joint submission holds are banned in combat sport because they could potentially cause serious damage to an opponent, ending their careers.
Common Varieties of Submission Holds In Combat Sport
The most popular forms of submission holds utilized in combat sport today apply joint locks, choke holds or a combination of the two. They include:
The Mandible Claw, LeBell Lock, The Anaconda Vice, The Walls of Jericho, Kimura, the ankle lock along with the Cripplers Crossface.
These holds are popularized by super stars like Chris Jericho, the late Chris Benoit, Brock Lesnar, Daniel Bryant, The Undertaker, Kurt Angle and CM Punk.
Most varieties of submissions used today are modifications of traditional grappling techniques. Content articles are just crazy however and should only be carried out by professionals as they are able result in serious injury as well as death.
For more information, visit: Submission wrestling. wever and should only be done by professionals as they can result in serious injury as well as death
Tags: Mixed Martial Arts Submissions, Submission wrestling holds, ubmission wrestling, Wrestling submissions
This entry was posted on Sunday, December 2nd, 2012 at 1:02 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
Guess what? It?s the end of the semester! Last classes end this Tuesday, then exams, AND THEN HOLIDAYS!!!
This means a couple things for PSA as office hour volunteers:
1. Office hours are ending!! The last day for office hours is this Tuesday. The PSA office will be closed until January 7, 2013.
2. If you are interested in getting your reference letter, please fill out the following link. Please note, that if you are volunteering into the spring semester it will be beneficial to have the form written at the end of the year instead. This way it can reference a whole year of volunteering and help credit you as a dedicated individual.
3. Please sign up for volunteer hours for the spring semester. If you have not completed the requirements for the reference letter this semester, you can reach your total hours by volunteering in the spring semester.
4. The Volunteer Appreciation Night is coming up! The plan is to watch the movie Skyfall and it will be funded by the PSA. All those who have are attending will be meeting at the Varsity Theatre 6:30pm. It?s located on Bay and Bloor, if you need directions please click on the link bellow:
Now I?m going to end with a message from the Co-Pres: We would like to thank you for your volunteering and we hope that the volunteering experience was valuable for you?even if it means that you just got to meet a few more psych students than you would have otherwise. In the new year PSA will be engaged in a campaign to improve the quality of education in the psychology department, specifically working on the issue of the student to faculty ratio, which is currently one of the highest in all departments and other psychology programs at other universities. We hope that you will continue to volunteer for us and that you will get engaged with our campaign. If you have any initiatives that you would like to work on, PSA would be glad to work with you and help you. Thank you very much, and we hope you have a great winter break and get energized for the second semester! With love from your Co-preses.
Hope to see you at the movies and most importantly good luck with your exams!!
People are now using social networking social networking in their Internet marketing business. If you are very experienced doing this, you can help out other companies who are new to social networking.
Who better to learn from than someone who has been successful at what you?re trying to do?? That?s the case with Alexis Grant, a former writer and editor at US News and World Report who has just launched a thriving social media consultancy.
1. Recognize the opportunity. Yes, most people make money through a full-time job. But if you can?t find one, or you want to make some money on the side, putting your social media skills to use can be a great way to do that. The challenge: finding someone who will pay for those skills.
The good news is, there are lots of individuals, organizations and companies that will pay to tap into your knowledge and ease using social media. While it?s second nature for you to use Facebook and YouTube, business people often don?t have the time or desire to learn how to use those networks strategically. That?s where you come in!
2. Think about what services you want to provide. Do you want to coach individuals one-on-one to use social media? Or draw up strategies for companies that want to create communities online? Or maybe you want to run social-media campaigns for organizations ? an approach I recommend in my e-guide, partly because clients often pay for those services on a monthly retainer rather than with a one-time check.
3. Beef up your experience. If you took advantage of summer internships during college, you might have enough experience ? both to know what you?re doing and to convince clients that you know what you?re doing ? to jump right in.
If you don?t, look for ways to practice these skills. Can you create a social media strategy for a parents? friend?s business? Sit down with a neighbor for a social-media coaching session? Volunteer to spread the word online about a campaign or cause?? Don?t fall into the trap of thinking you need a full-time jobto gain this experience. Look outside the box for other opportunities.
4. Use your network to land clients. You?ve built up awesome followings on Facebook and hopefully Twitter and LinkedIn ? now use them.
Tell your network about the services you?ve decided to offer, so they?ll think of you when an opportunity arises. Don?t be shy about asking your friends (nicely) to spread the word; if they like and trust you, they?ll want to help you succeed. And make sure to take advantage of an often-overlooked networking gem: your parents, and even your friends? parents. Let them know about your new consulting biz, so they can refer you to their friends when the timing?s right.
5. Figure out how ? and how much ? to charge. It sounds like it should be simple, but charging for consulting can be daunting, especially at the beginning. In most cases, you?ll want to charge an hourly rate or a project rate (which is loosely based on the hourly rate), so think ahead of time about which fee structure works best for any given client.
If you want to get a sense of what other consultants charge, ask that question in LinkedIn Answers or look for other inquiries that revolve around the same issue. Beware though, that prices for social-media consulting run the gamut. Base your rates on what you think each individual client will pay and how much you want to make off the work rather than what other people are charging.
For entrepreneurs, online business has many advantages. It is relatively quick to launch, requires little or no inventory, minimal capital, and doesn?t entail renting or maintaining a shopfront. But that doesn?t mean it is easy. In fact, online businesses require just as much time and effort to build as their traditional counterparts??and sometimes far more. Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar endeavors, online business is constantly in flux, and the path to profit is far from obvious. So how do you make your online business successful? Unfortunately, there isn?t a clear answer. But there are nonetheless many strategies every online company can use to increase sales, attract new customers, and build a strong web presence.
The Importance of Marketing
Visibility is the key to generating sales and high traffic. Most importantly, this means waging a constant SEO campaign to achieve and maintain a high rank on Google. To do so, you will need to post quality content on a regular basis, have a dedicated link-building strategy, an in-depth understanding of keywords, and a large social media following. Positive reviews on popular social sites are essential for most online businesses, as are active accounts on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and even sites like Flickr and Pinterest. Brand dissemination is incredibly important. The easier it is for users around the world to find your site, the more your business will thrive.
Speed Up Sales
Site speed is incredibly important for online sales. Over 50% of users today expect sites to load in less than two seconds, and studies have shown that even improving load time by a few hundred milliseconds can have an enormous impact on traffic and conversion rates. If your pages are too slow, users will simply click away and head to your competitors. Make sure your site has an efficient design, optimized photos, no unnecessary content, and a streamlined backend. When it comes to online sales, every split second counts.
Aesthetics Sell
The aesthetic of your site is often the only aspect of your company potential customers see. So it needs to make a strong visual impression. This means simplicity, beauty, accessibility, and ease-of-use. Put your important links in obvious, intuitive places. Be sure to design a striking and cohesive brand style, an appealing interface, and a well-conceived layout. Don?t use clashing colors or low quality images. Minimize text, and eliminate awkward phrasing and spelling errors. The little things go a long way.
Have Happy Users
Get an outsider?s perspective on your site by hiring a user-testing service. Sites like?trymyui.com?are relatively inexpensive, and can go a long way toward improving subtle aspects of your website that you would never have noticed on your own.
As more and more companies join the ranks of online businesses, the competition is only getting tougher. Ultimately, success depends upon the ability to create a more enjoyable and accessible site than your competitors. It also means getting your name out there, making your site visible and comprehensible to as many potential customers as possible, and selling a quality product. So while there is no cut-and-dried formula for mastering the world of online sales, there are certainly many techniques you can use to improve your company. The key is constant growth, dedicated refinement, and a commitment to improving your site every day.
About Author : Saptarshi MasidSaptarshi Masid has written/shared 6 articles on this website.
Saptarshi is a search specialist and writer who has created content for various online outlets throughout his career. In the UK seo.org.uk has helped him improve his knowledge of SEO techniques and the SEO Positive blog is a useful source of information in this area.
Saptarshi is a search specialist and writer who has created content for various online outlets throughout his career. In the UK seo.org.uk has helped him improve his knowledge of SEO techniques and the SEO Positive blog is a useful source of information in this area.
Would you take investing advice from an SEC commissioner? The SEC does not endorse investment offers, assist in the purchase or sale of securities, or participate in money transfers. SEC staff will not, for example, contact individuals by telephone or email for purposes of: seeking assistance with a fund ? Read more on Salon
Gen Y seeks savings advice in face of down economy To fill this space where the large players fail to connect, companies are offering low-cost financial advice for young investors. For instance, LearnVest, a site focused on educating women about financial decisions, started offering investment advice ? Read more on Reuters
You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
DEARBORN, Mo. (AP) ? A 52-year-old Missouri mechanic and his wife claimed their share Friday of the record $588 million Powerball jackpot.
Lottery officials sent a statement Friday announcing that Mark and Cindy Hill, of Dearborn, held one of two winning tickets for the nation's biggest Powerball jackpot.
The Hills will split the $588 million prize with whoever holds a winning ticket sold at a convenience store in suburban Phoenix. No one has come forward yet with the Arizona ticket, lottery officials said.
The $587.5 million payout, which represents the second-largest jackpot in U.S. history, set off a nationwide buying frenzy, with tickets at one point selling at nearly 130,000 per minute. Before Wednesday's winners, the jackpot had rolled over 16 consecutive times without someone hitting the jackpot.
Lottery officials' announcement that the Hills had won only confirmed what many residents in Dearborn, a town of about 500 about 40 miles north of Kansas City, already knew. Lottery officials said Thursday that one winning ticket had been sold at a Trex Mart gas station and convenience store on the edge of town, and Mark Hill's name circulated quickly. While he and his wife did not speak to reporters, friends and relatives identified Mark Hill as the winner.
Myron Anderson, pastor of the Baptist Church in nearby Camden Point, said he heard Thursday that the Hills had won the huge lottery prize. Anderson said he has known Mark Hill since they attended high school together and that the couple have older children and a younger elementary school-age daughter.
"He's a really nice guy, and I know his wife, and they have this nice little adopted daughter that they went out of their way to adopt," Anderson said. Funeral services for Hill's father were at the Baptist church, but the family attends church elsewhere, he said.
"I hope it's good news for them," Anderson said. "I've heard awful horror stories about people who get all that money in their lap and how everybody treats them, and if you don't mind me saying, I mean just the fact that the press is going to be after them."
Kevin Bryan, a lifelong Dearborn resident, said the only other local lottery winner he could remember was a farmer who won about $100,000 in scratch-off game years ago "and bought himself a combine."
The winning ticket sold in Arizona was purchased at a 4 Sons Food Store in Fountain Hills near Phoenix, state lottery officials said.
In a Mega Millions drawing in March, three ticket buyers shared a $656 million jackpot, the largest lottery payout of all time.
Hill and the holder of the Arizona winning ticket have numerous decisions ahead, including how to accept their new wealth. The cash payout from the overall jackpot has been estimated at about $385 million, or about $192.5 million for each ticket. The winners can take their jackpots in lump sums or annual payments.
International study provides more solid measure of melting in polar ice sheetsPublic release date: 29-Nov-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Hannah Hickey hickeyh@uw.edu 206-543-2580 University of Washington
The planet's two largest ice sheets have been losing ice faster during the past decade, causing widespread confusion and concern. A new international study provides a firmer read on the state of continental ice sheets and how much they are contributing to sea-level rise.
Dozens of climate scientists have reconciled their measurements of ice sheet changes in Antarctica and Greenland over the past two decades. The results, published Nov. 29 in the journal Science, roughly halve the uncertainty and discard some conflicting observations.
"We are just beginning an observational record for ice," said co-author Ian Joughin, a glaciologist in the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory who is lead author on an accompanying review article. "This creates a new long-term data set that will increase in importance as new measurements are made."
The paper examined three methods that had been used by separate groups and established common places and times, allowing researchers to discard some outlying observations and showing that the results agree to within the uncertainties of the methods.
"It provides a simpler picture," said co-author Benjamin Smith, a research scientist at the UW's Applied Physics Laboratory. "In the 1990s, not very much was happening. Sometime around 1999, the ice sheets started losing more mass, and probably have been losing mass more rapidly over time since then."
The effort, led by Andrew Shepherd at the University of Leeds in the UK, reconciles three existing ways to measure this loss. The first method takes an accounting approach, combining climate models and observations to tally up the ice gain or loss. Two other methods use special satellites to precisely measure the height and gravitational pull of the ice sheets to calculate how much ice is present.
Each method has strengths and weaknesses. Until now scientists using each method released estimates independent from the others. This is the first time they have all compared their methods for the same times and locations.
"It brought everyone together," Joughin said. "It's comparing apples to apples."
Since 1998, scientists have published at least 29 different estimates of how much ice sheets have contributed to sea-level rise, ranging from 1.9 mm (0.075 inches) a year to 0.2 mm (0.0079 inches) drop per year. The new, combined estimate is that ice sheets have since 1992 contributed on average 0.59 mm (0.023 inches) to sea-level rise per year, with an uncertainty of 0.2 mm per year. Overall sea levels have risen by about 3.3 mm per year during that time period, much of which is due to expansion of warmer ocean waters.
"Establishing more consistent estimates for the contribution from ice sheets should reduce confusion, both among the scientific community and among the public," Joughin said.
Understanding why the ice sheets have been shedding mass faster in the last decade is an area of intense research. The accelerated ice loss was not predicted by the models, leading the latest International Panel on Climate Change to place no upper limit on its estimate for future ice-sheet loss.
Joughin is lead author of an accompanying article that reviews factors that cause ice sheets to lose more mass. In particular, it looks at what happens when warmer ocean waters reach the underside of large floating Antarctic ice sheets or abut glaciers in Greenland's fjords.
Joughin and his co-authors, Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University and David Holland of New York University, suggest ways to better monitor and understand those changes: Create finer-grained ocean models that could include narrow fjords, develop more models to study the interaction between ice sheets and ocean water, and improve ice sheet monitoring.
Taking measurements at ice edges is perilous, they write, because skyscraper-sized chunks of ice can topple on floating instruments with no notice, and outgoing glaciers can scour any instruments moored to the ocean floor.
Understanding ice sheets is central to modeling global climate and predicting sea-level rise. Even tiny changes to sea level, when added over an entire ocean, can have substantial effects on storm surges and flooding in coastal and island communities.
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet could trigger abrupt changes globally if it were to become unstable, and although Greenland is thought to be more stable, the recent calving of glaciers has led to some alarm.
Joughin believes the recent activity is a reason to pay attention, but not to panic.
"We don't fully understand why it's accelerating," Joughin said. "But the longer-term observations we have, the more solid predictions we will be able to make."
###
The UW portions of the research were funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
For more information, contact Joughin at 206-221-3177 or ian@apl.washington.edu and Smith at 206-616-9176 or bsmith@apl.washington.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
International study provides more solid measure of melting in polar ice sheetsPublic release date: 29-Nov-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Hannah Hickey hickeyh@uw.edu 206-543-2580 University of Washington
The planet's two largest ice sheets have been losing ice faster during the past decade, causing widespread confusion and concern. A new international study provides a firmer read on the state of continental ice sheets and how much they are contributing to sea-level rise.
Dozens of climate scientists have reconciled their measurements of ice sheet changes in Antarctica and Greenland over the past two decades. The results, published Nov. 29 in the journal Science, roughly halve the uncertainty and discard some conflicting observations.
"We are just beginning an observational record for ice," said co-author Ian Joughin, a glaciologist in the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory who is lead author on an accompanying review article. "This creates a new long-term data set that will increase in importance as new measurements are made."
The paper examined three methods that had been used by separate groups and established common places and times, allowing researchers to discard some outlying observations and showing that the results agree to within the uncertainties of the methods.
"It provides a simpler picture," said co-author Benjamin Smith, a research scientist at the UW's Applied Physics Laboratory. "In the 1990s, not very much was happening. Sometime around 1999, the ice sheets started losing more mass, and probably have been losing mass more rapidly over time since then."
The effort, led by Andrew Shepherd at the University of Leeds in the UK, reconciles three existing ways to measure this loss. The first method takes an accounting approach, combining climate models and observations to tally up the ice gain or loss. Two other methods use special satellites to precisely measure the height and gravitational pull of the ice sheets to calculate how much ice is present.
Each method has strengths and weaknesses. Until now scientists using each method released estimates independent from the others. This is the first time they have all compared their methods for the same times and locations.
"It brought everyone together," Joughin said. "It's comparing apples to apples."
Since 1998, scientists have published at least 29 different estimates of how much ice sheets have contributed to sea-level rise, ranging from 1.9 mm (0.075 inches) a year to 0.2 mm (0.0079 inches) drop per year. The new, combined estimate is that ice sheets have since 1992 contributed on average 0.59 mm (0.023 inches) to sea-level rise per year, with an uncertainty of 0.2 mm per year. Overall sea levels have risen by about 3.3 mm per year during that time period, much of which is due to expansion of warmer ocean waters.
"Establishing more consistent estimates for the contribution from ice sheets should reduce confusion, both among the scientific community and among the public," Joughin said.
Understanding why the ice sheets have been shedding mass faster in the last decade is an area of intense research. The accelerated ice loss was not predicted by the models, leading the latest International Panel on Climate Change to place no upper limit on its estimate for future ice-sheet loss.
Joughin is lead author of an accompanying article that reviews factors that cause ice sheets to lose more mass. In particular, it looks at what happens when warmer ocean waters reach the underside of large floating Antarctic ice sheets or abut glaciers in Greenland's fjords.
Joughin and his co-authors, Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University and David Holland of New York University, suggest ways to better monitor and understand those changes: Create finer-grained ocean models that could include narrow fjords, develop more models to study the interaction between ice sheets and ocean water, and improve ice sheet monitoring.
Taking measurements at ice edges is perilous, they write, because skyscraper-sized chunks of ice can topple on floating instruments with no notice, and outgoing glaciers can scour any instruments moored to the ocean floor.
Understanding ice sheets is central to modeling global climate and predicting sea-level rise. Even tiny changes to sea level, when added over an entire ocean, can have substantial effects on storm surges and flooding in coastal and island communities.
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet could trigger abrupt changes globally if it were to become unstable, and although Greenland is thought to be more stable, the recent calving of glaciers has led to some alarm.
Joughin believes the recent activity is a reason to pay attention, but not to panic.
"We don't fully understand why it's accelerating," Joughin said. "But the longer-term observations we have, the more solid predictions we will be able to make."
###
The UW portions of the research were funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
For more information, contact Joughin at 206-221-3177 or ian@apl.washington.edu and Smith at 206-616-9176 or bsmith@apl.washington.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
NEW YORK (AP) ? A nanny accused in the stabbing deaths of two children in her care at their upscale home near Central Park pleaded not guilty Wednesday inside a hospital room where she's been treated for self-inflicted stab wounds.
Yoselyn Ortega, lying handcuffed in her hospital bed in silence, her right hand trembling, entered the plea through her defense attorney.
"I ask you to enter a not guilty plea on behalf of my client," attorney Valerie Van Leer-Greenberg said.
Van Leer-Greenberg also told Judge Lewis Bart Stone that her client needed constant medical care.
"My client ... sustained serious medical injuries and mental trauma," she said. "She's lying in a hospital bed. She has a neck brace, and her hand that you can see is shaking. She is in a very debilitated condition."
The judge, like two prosecutors and everyone else crowded into the room, wore a hospital gown and a blue hair net. He ordered Ortega held without bail while she undergoes a psychiatric exam.
Ortega, 50, appeared alert but didn't speak during the 10-minute hearing. The judge placed her on suicide watch.
Ortega, who's from the Dominican Republic, had a neck brace and a tube leading to her throat but breathed on her own. No wounds were visible; a white hospital blanket was pulled up to her chest.
The hospital room was sparse: There were no flowers, photos or other personal items on display.
The unusual bedside arraignment came as District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr. announced an indictment charging Ortega with multiple counts of murder.
"This crime shocked and horrified parents around the city, many of whom entrust their children to the care of others both by necessity and by choice," Vance said in a statement. "My heart goes out to the family of those beautiful young children, and I hope that, with time, this family will heal."
Authorities allege that on the evening of Oct. 25, while the children's mother was out with a third child, Ortega repeatedly stabbed 6-year-old Lucia Krim and her 2-year-old brother, Leo Krim.
When their mother, Marina Krim, returned to the family's Manhattan home with her 3-year-old daughter, she found their bodies in the bathtub, with Ortega lying on the bathroom floor with stab wounds to her neck, authorities said. A kitchen knife was nearby.
The children's father, CNBC digital media executive Kevin Krim, was away on a business trip when the killings occurred.
The couple's apartment building sits in one of the city's most idyllic neighborhoods, a block from Central Park, near the Museum of Natural History and blocks from Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The neighborhood is home to many affluent families, and seeing children accompanied by nannies is an everyday part of life there.
Some of Ortega's friends and relatives said she appeared to be struggling emotionally and financially recently, but they still couldn't believe she could have committed such a heinous act.
WASHINGTON (AP) ? In an ambitious road map for slashing the global spread of AIDS, the Obama administration says treating people sooner and more rapid expansion of other proven tools could help even the hardest-hit countries begin turning the tide of the epidemic over the next three to five years.
"An AIDS-free generation is not just a rallying cry ? it is a goal that is within our reach," Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who ordered the blueprint, said in the report.
"Make no mistake about it, HIV may well be with us into the future but the disease that it causes need not be," she said at the State Department Thursday.
President Barack Obama echoed that promise.
"We stand at a tipping point in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and working together, we can realize our historic opportunity to bring that fight to an end," Obama said in a proclamation to mark World AIDS Day on Saturday.
Some 34 million people worldwide are living with HIV, and despite a decline in new infections over the last decade, 2.5 million people were infected last year.
Given those staggering figures, what does an AIDS-free generation mean? That virtually no babies are born infected, young people have a much lower risk than today of becoming infected, and that people who already have HIV would receive life-saving treatment.
That last step is key: Treating people early in their infection, before they get sick, not only helps them survive but also dramatically cuts the chances that they'll infect others. Yet only about 8 million HIV patients in developing countries are getting treatment. The United Nations aims to have 15 million treated by 2015.
Other important steps include: Treating more pregnant women, and keeping them on treatment after their babies are born; increasing male circumcision to lower men's risk of heterosexual infection; increasing access to both male and female condoms; and more HIV testing.
The world spent $16.8 billion fighting AIDS in poor countries last year. The U.S. government is the leading donor, spending about $5.6 billion.
Thursday's report from PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, outlines how progress could continue at current spending levels ? something far from certain as Congress and Obama struggle to avert looming budget cuts at year's end ? or how faster progress is possible with stepped-up commitments from hard-hit countries themselves.
Clinton warned Thursday that the U.S. must continue doing its share: "In the fight against HIV/AIDS, failure to live up to our commitments isn't just disappointing, it's deadly."
The report highlighted Zambia, which already is seeing some declines in new cases of HIV. It will have to treat only about 145,000 more patients over the next four years to meet its share of the U.N. goal, a move that could prevent more than 126,000 new infections in that same time period. But if Zambia could go further and treat nearly 198,000 more people, the benefit would be even greater ? 179,000 new infections prevented, the report estimates.
In contrast, if Zambia had to stick with 2011 levels of HIV prevention, new infections could level off or even rise again over the next four years, the report found.
Advocacy groups said the blueprint offers a much-needed set of practical steps to achieve an AIDS-free generation ? and makes clear that maintaining momentum is crucial despite economic difficulties here and abroad.
"The blueprint lays out the stark choices we have: To stick with the baseline and see an epidemic flatline or grow, or ramp up" to continue progress, said Chris Collins of amFAR, the Foundation for AIDS Research.
His group has estimated that more than 276,000 people would miss out on HIV treatment if U.S. dollars for the global AIDS fight are part of across-the-board spending cuts set to begin in January.
Thursday's report also urges targeting the populations at highest risk, including gay men, injecting drug users and sex workers, especially in countries where stigma and discrimination has denied them access to HIV prevention services.
NEW YORK (AP) ? Black Friday was no match for Sandy.
Major retailers such as Kohl's, Target and Macy's on Thursday reported weak sales in November as a strong start the holiday shopping season over the Thanksgiving weekend wasn't enough to fully offset a slow start to the month caused by Superstorm Sandy. The storm stunted enthusiasm among shoppers early in the month just as stores were preparing for the busiest shopping period of the year, a roughly two-month stretch in November through December when they can make up to 40 percent of their annual revenue during the last two months of the year.
"It really took away the punchbowl for retailers and put them behind the eight ball heading into the crucial weekend," said Ken Perkins, president of RetailMetrics, a research firm
Eighteen retailers reported that November sales at stores open at least a year ? an indicator of a retailer's health ? through last Saturday were up 1.7 percent compared with the year-ago period, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers. That's well below the anticipated forecast for a 4.5 percent to 5.5 percent gain.
Only a small group of chain stores representing about 13 percent of the $2.4 trillion U.S. retail industry report monthly revenue. The list excludes Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the world's biggest retailer. But the data still offers a snap shot of consumer spending, which accounts for 70 percent of all economic activity.
Thursday's reports show that stores were still reeling from the impact of Superstorm Sandy, which hit the Northeast on Oct. 29. Sandy disrupted business activity and households, with people losing power and stores including Macy's and Saks closing Northeast stores for several days. Advisors' SpendingPulse, which tracks spending across all payments, including cash, said that Sandy knocked off nearly $4 billion of retail sales the first week in the hard-hit Mid-Atlantic and Northeast region, which accounts for 24 percent of retail sales nationwide.
The disappointing November sales releases dampened the enthusiasm fueled after reports of strong spending over the Thanksgiving weekend. A record 247 million shoppers visited stores and websites over the four-day weekend starting Thanksgiving, up 9.2 percent of last year, according to a survey of 4,000 shoppers that was conducted by research firm BIGinsight for The National Retail Federation trade group. Americans spent more too: The average holiday shopper spent $423 over the entire weekend, up from $398. Total spending over the four-day weekend totaled $59.1 billion, up 12.8 percent from 2011.
November's results seem to affirm that this holiday season could be a difficult one for stores. The National Retail Federation estimates that overall sales in November and December will rise 4.1 percent this year to $586.1 billion. That's more than a percentage point lower than the growth in each of the past two years, and the smallest increase since 2009, when sales were nearly flat.
For November, Target reported that revenue at stores opened at least a year fell 1 percent, hurt by weak sales in the first two weeks of the month. Analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters had expected a 2.1 percent rise. Target said weak sales early in the month offset stronger sales later. The South was its strongest region, while the Northeast, hard hit by Sandy, was weaker.
Macy's, a Cincinnati department store chain, also said the storm hurt sales for the month. Macy's said its revenue at stores open at least a year fell 0.7 percent. Analysts had expected a 1.5 percent increase.
"Despite the largest-volume Thanksgiving weekend in our company's history, we were not able to overcome the weak start to the month, which included the disruption of Hurricane Sandy, " said Terry J. Lundgren, Macy's chief executive. "Yet we remain on track to deliver a very strong sales performance in the fourth quarter, consistent with our guidance."
Palestinian refugee women chant slogans and wave Palestinian flags during a rally supporting the Palestinian UN bid for observer state status, in front the United Nations headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, Thursday Nov. 29, 2012. The Palestinians will request to upgrade their status on November 29. The status could add weight to Palestinian claims for a state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem, territories captured by Israel in the 1967 Mideast war from Jordan.. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
Palestinian refugee women chant slogans and wave Palestinian flags during a rally supporting the Palestinian UN bid for observer state status, in front the United Nations headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, Thursday Nov. 29, 2012. The Palestinians will request to upgrade their status on November 29. The status could add weight to Palestinian claims for a state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem, territories captured by Israel in the 1967 Mideast war from Jordan.. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
Powerball numbers are chosen in the drawing at the Florida Lottery on Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012, in Tallahassee, Fla. The numbers drawn in the $579.9-million game were: 5, 16, 22, 23, 29 and Powerball of 6. (AP Photo/Phil Sears)
Angels decorations frame the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree after it was lit during the 80th annual tree lighting ceremony at Rockefeller Center in New York, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)
Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and stories that will be talked about today:
1. WHAT PALESTINIANS ARE POISED TO GAIN FROM THE UN
Today's vote on recognizing a Palestinian state could give them leverage in future border talks with Israel.
2. RUSH TOWARD 'FISCAL CLIFF' SLOWS A BIT
The White House and a key Democrat hint at concessions on taxes and cuts, while more Republicans seem ready to give ground.
3. WHO ARE THE NEW MILLIONAIRES
Powerball officials say winning tickets were sold in Missouri and Arizona to split the $579.9 million jackpot.
4. RULING EXPECTED IN CONCORDE CRASH APPEAL
A French appeals court is set to decide today whether to uphold a manslaughter conviction against Continental Airlines for the fiery crash in which 113 were killed.
5. IN EGYPT, FEARS OF A 'SECOND REVOLUTION'
President Morsi faces an unprecedented strike by the courts and massive opposition protests after his decrees placing him above oversight of any kind.
6. OBAMA TO ROMNEY: LET'S DO LUNCH
The political rivals will break bread today at the White House. It'll be their first meeting since the election.
7. HOW A BILL COULD IMPACT POLICE SEARCHES OF EMAILS
The proposed law being considered by a Senate committee today requires authorities to get a warrant before accessing private information.
8. DOZENS OF MONKS HURT AT MYANMAR MINE PROTEST
Security forces used water cannons on the spiritual devotees just hours before opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was to visit the area.
9. WHY GOTHAM'S GLOWING A BIT BRIGHTER
Some 30,000 bulbs festooning the 80-foot Christmas tree in NYC's Rockefeller Center are now beaming forth.
10. LINDSAY LOHAN ARRESTED IN NYC
In her latest run-in with the law, police say the actress hit a woman during an argument at a nightclub.
Amy Davidson in?The New Yorker on Hillary Clinton?"Do Clintons ever truly go away?" Amy Davidson asks on the eve of Hillary Clinton's retirement from the State Department. Clinton insists that she won't make a 2016 presidential bid, but pundits gazing into crystal balls already see her as the Democratic frontrunner. Before speculating on where Clinton's going, Davidson takes a moment to review where she came from. "The true transformation in the past few years may have been not in Clinton?s character or approach but in the way she is now ensconced in a Washington establishment that she and her husband once challenged," she writes, arguing that perhaps Clinton should take her canonization as a cue to exit. "There is something enervating about the idea of sitting around for a couple of years wondering about what Hillary wants, and waiting for her next introduction. Can we ask if it might be time to say goodbye?"
RELATED: U.S. Counter-Terrorism Hackers Fight Al Qaeda One Prank at a Time
Matthew Yglesias in Slate on the fiscal cliff?Everyone in Washington wants to heroically swoop in to save Americans from tumbling over the fiscal cliff. But when Matthew Yglesias looks at the looming Bush-era tax cut expirations, he doesn't see the same crisis as everyone else. He sees a game of chicken that's harming instead of helping the economy. "The problem is that the quest for the grand bargain is essentially a quest for the impossible," he argues. "Whereas ginning up crises to force Congress to strike that impossible bargain is wreaking real tangible harm on the country. Whatever happens during the lame-duck session, the best thing for America would be for the great and the good in Washington and corporate America to drop their fixation with the grand bargain."
RELATED: Hillary's Mid-East Travel Plans: Administration Finally Makes a Move
Daniel Byman in?The New Republic?on Al Qaeda?In case anyone thought the war on terror was actually winnable, Daniel Byman would like to take this opportunity to remind us that Al Qaeda is not quite "on its heels," as President Obama recently put it. "In fact, reports of al Qaeda?s demise are both true and overstated," he writes. "For as the President and his advisors contend, the core organization now led by Ayman al Zawahiri is on its heels, with key senior leaders dead and many others on the run or in hiding. But as jihadist attacks in Benghazi, Yemen, and elsewhere indicate, the broader movement is alive and in some places prospering."
RELATED: The Clintons Regain Electricity
Bill George in?The New York Times?on Hewlett-Packard?One of the world's biggest computer companies, Hewlett-Packard, has been on a steady decline in recent years. And the troubles date back to 1999, long before Meg Whitman took over the role of chief executive, argues Bill George. He thinks that the only way to save it at this point is to separate the company's two main components, enterprise systems and computer hardware. "In its current form, Hewlett-Packard is a wasting asset, whose value to customers, employees and shareholders is steadily declining," George writes. "It is time for the board to move quickly to restore its former status as a company everyone can admire, one that can compete successfully in two very different global markets."
RELATED: The Foreign Entities Bankrolling the Clinton Foundation
Shikha Dalmia in Bloomberg View on immigration?With some Republicans ready to talk about immigration reform, Shickha Dalmia argues that the U.S. can learn a thing or two from a nearby nation that also attracts scores of immigrants: Canada. Wait, Canada? Why not, Dalmia asks: "Canada?s provincial-nominee?program, while not perfect, avoids the economically meaningless distinctions between skilled and unskilled workers that bedevil the employment-based U.S. immigration laws.??It also puts in place incentives to treat foreign workers not as foes but as friends whose labor and skills are vital to the economy." In order to create an immigration system that works for newcomers and employers alike, she argues, the U.S. should follow Canada's lead on guest worker programs and devolving authority to regional governments.
AMMAN - Syrian rebels captured an army base in the eastern oil province of Deir al-Zor on Thursday, striking another blow against President Bashar Assad.
But Syria's newly-united opposition is struggling to consolidate, and even allies such as Tunisia and Libya have yet to lend their official support.
Ann Curry
Ann Curry photographs Syrian rebels and others affected by the conflict.
The capture of the artillery base on the outskirts of Mayadeen, a town on the Euphrates River near some of Syria's main oilfields, further weakens Assad?s control in the strategic region bordering Iraq.
"The whole countryside, from the Iraqi border and along the Euphrates to the city of Deir al-Zor, is now under rebel control," Abu Laila, an official in the Military Revolutionary Council in the province, told Reuters.
He said 44 rebel fighters had been killed in the siege of the base.
Meanwhile, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the violence from Britain through a network of activists, said government shells struck a building next to Aleppo's Dar al-Shifa hospital on Wednesday, one of the main rebel medical centers, killing 15 people.
Most of the dead were fighters but a doctor and three children also died, it said ? although the claims of individual activists in the conflict are impossible to verify.
Hotel warriors Syria's new opposition leaders are struggling to win over powerful Islamist rebel combat units, whose radical elements question whether the "hotel warriors" of the fledgling coalition can offer their fighters any real support.?
/
A look back at the violence that has overtaken the country
Islamists have established themselves as the most effective, best armed and fastest growing units in the 20-month-old uprising against President Bashar Assad.?
Many of them are wary of the National Coalition for Syrian Opposition and Revolutionary Forces, set up earlier this month in an attempt to unify Assad's fractured opponents and win greater international support.
"They are the hotel warriors, we are the men in the trenches. No one should be allowed to marginalize us, politically or militarily. These coalitions are just fighting over us and not for us," said Yassir al-Karaz, a leader in the rebel Tawheed Brigade in northern Aleppo province.
The problem for the new coalition is maintaining the backing of this crucial bloc of Syrian fighters on the ground while bolstering support from Western powers wary of funding a movement that may be linked to extremist groups.?
They're short of medicine, there's no electricity and the basic latrines are seeping sewage. But the continuing air assaults in Syria are forcing thousands of refugees to flee to makeshift camps on the Turkish border. Aid agencies are warning of a growing humanitarian crisis. Alex Thomson Channel 4 Europe reports.
While the coalition has won formal recognition from Turkey, France, Britain and Gulf Arab states, the response from many Islamist fighters has been skeptical.
Tunisia and Libya have agreed to hold off on recognition, saying they want to know more about its makeup before doing so, Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki said Thursday.
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ScienceDaily (Nov. 21, 2012) ? We know that unborn babies hiccup, swallow and stretch in the womb but new observational research concludes that they also yawn.
The 4D scans of 15 healthy fetuses, by Durham and Lancaster Universities, also suggest that yawning is a developmental process which could potentially give doctors another index of a fetus' health.
The study is published November 21 in the journal, PLOS ONE.
While some researchers have suggested that fetuses yawn, others have disagreed and claim it is simple mouth opening.
But the new research clearly distinguished 'yawning' from 'non-yawn mouth opening' based on the duration of mouth opening. The researchers did this by using the 4D video footage to closely examine all events where a mouth stretch occurred in the fetus.
Using their newly developed criteria, the research team found that over half of the mouth openings observed in the study were classed as yawns.
The study was carried out on eight female and seven male fetuses from 24 to 36 weeks gestation. The researchers found that yawning declined from 28 weeks and that there was no significant difference between boys and girls in yawning frequency.
Although the function and importance of yawning is still unknown, the study findings suggest that yawning could be linked to fetal development, and as such could provide a further medical indication of the health of the unborn baby.
Lead researcher, Dr Nadja Reissland, of Durham University's Department of Psychology, said: "The results of this study demonstrate that yawning can be observed in healthy fetuses and extends previous work on fetal yawning. Our longitudinal study shows that yawning declines with increasing fetal age.
"Unlike us, fetuses do not yawn contagiously, nor do they yawn because they are sleepy. Instead, the frequency of yawning in the womb may be linked to the maturing of the brain early in gestation.
"Given that the frequency of yawning in our sample of healthy fetuses declined from 28 weeks to 36 weeks gestation, it seems to suggest that yawning and simple mouth opening have this maturational function early in gestation."
She added that yawning could be related to central nervous system maturation but further research involving mother and fetus would be required to examine this theory.
Watch a short video of a fetus yawning in the womb: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fetal_yawning_4D_ultrasound_ecografia_4D_Dr._Wolfgang_Moroder.theora.ogv
This study was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Durham University.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Nadja Reissland, Brian Francis, James Mason. Development of Fetal Yawn Compared with Non-Yawn Mouth Openings from 24?36 Weeks Gestation. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (11): e50569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050569
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
BANGKOK (AP) ? The price of oil rose Thursday after preliminary data showed China's manufacturing activity expanded for the first time in 13 months, a positive sign for the global economy.
Benchmark crude for January delivery was up 13 cents to $87.51 per barrel at late afternoon Bangkok time in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose 63 cents to finish at $87.38 a barrel on Wednesday.
Oil prices were responding to the release of HSBC Corp.'s monthly Purchasing Managers' Index for November, which showed a reading of 50.4 on a 100-point scale on which numbers over 50 indicate expansion.
That was a moderate improvement from October's 49.5 and boosted hopes that the world's No. 2 economy was finally emerging from the deep slump it has been mired in since the 2008 financial crisis.
"I think that number encouraged the traders to bet on rising oil prices," said Ken Hasegawa, energy analyst at Newedge brokerage in Tokyo.
Brent crude, used to price international varieties of oil, fell 21 cents to $110.65 a barrel in London.
In other energy futures trading in New York:
? Heating oil rose 2.4 cents to $3.072 a gallon.
? Wholesale gasoline added 2.1 cents to $2.709 a gallon.
? Natural gas gained 6 cents to $3.892 per 1,000 cubic feet.
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Public release date: 29-Nov-2012
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